University Publications

Four hundred of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) juveniles with rang of body weight 2.6-12.6g and standard length of 5.0-11.0 cm were used for in- vivo bioassay to the herbicide Glyphosate and compared to in-vitro assay for gill and liver cell lines of the same O. niloticus. Doses tested to estimate the LC50 and LC90 were ranging between 3.6mg/l to 0.225 mg/l for both assessment .Probit analysis was adopted to estimate the lethal doses. Approved scientific methods were used first to establish primary cells and cell lines from samples taken from O. niloticus liver and gill. Eosin-Y uptake assay used to observe the dead cells and MTT method to evaluate the validity of the treated cells. Results recorded lethal concentrations to the toxicant less than what previous literature records. The LC50 value and LC90 of juveniles were found to be 2.277 mg/L and 3.405mg/L, respectively. LC50 value and LC90 for gill cells were 0.963mg/l and 3.53mg/l.and that of liver cells were 1.872mg/l and 4.129mg/l respectively. In-vitro test recorded damaged to liver and gill cell at concentrations far below what estimated by the in-vivo test using tilapia juveniles. These damages were breaking the cell membrane followed by damage to mitochondria and finally necrosis of the whole cell. The conclusion extracted from the experimental findings of the present study is that in spite of the benefits of Glyphosate as herbicides, its hazard is so great since it attacks the animal cells directly even by concentrations far below the lethal doses. Overall, the present findings highlighted the hazard of exposure to Glyphosate. Thus , the recommendation is to concentrate on adopting in-vitro bioassay with cells lines in managing herbicides and pesticides toxicity as they display damages cannot be recorded by the in-vivo bioassay