University Publications

Background: The RB1 gene, initially identified as the first tumor suppressor gene, plays a pivotal role in regulating cell cycle progression, specifically at the G1/S transition. Through its protein product, pRb, RB1 exerts control over E2F transcription factors, thereby influencing processes such as DNA replication and cellular senescence. Dysregulation of RB1 function is implicated in various cancers, including retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma. Methods: This review was conducted using a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with keywords including "RB1 gene," "retinoblastoma protein," and "cancer therapy." Selected studies spanned original research, reviews, and clinical trials focused on RB1 functions, mutations, and therapeutic implications. Studies emphasizing human and animal models were included, while those unrelated to RB1 were excluded. Results: The RB1 gene encodes pRb, which regulates the cell cycle, chromatin structure, and differentiation. Beyond controlling cell proliferation, pRb influences tissue-specific gene expression through interactions with histone deacetylases and chromatin remodeling complexes. Mutations or functional inactivation of RB1 disrupt these processes, leading to tumor development and progression. Emerging therapies targeting the RB pathway, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, demonstrate promise in managing RB1-deficient cancers, although challenges remain in understanding the molecular consequences of RB1 loss. Conclusion: RB1 has a multifaceted role in cellular regulation, extending from cell cycle control to differentiation and chromatin remodeling. The therapeutic potential of targeting the RB pathway highlights its importance in cancer management. Further research into RB1-related mechanisms is essential to optimize therapeutic strategies and develop personalized treatments.